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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

55
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
55
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

6.2K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
6.2K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

10.6K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.6K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

5.1K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
5.1K
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

4.8K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
4.8K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

5.7K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Hepatitis C virus and autophagy.

Linya Wang, Jing-hsiung James Ou

    Biological Chemistry
    |May 30, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is exploited by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) to enhance its replication. This review explores the complex interaction between HCV and autophagy, impacting viral spread and host immunity.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Virology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Autophagy is a cellular process for degrading damaged components and pathogens.
    • Viruses, including Hepatitis C virus (HCV), can manipulate autophagy for their own benefit.
    • HCV infection leads to significant liver diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of the interaction between HCV and autophagy.
    • To elucidate how this interplay influences viral replication.
    • To examine the impact on host innate immune responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent studies on HCV and autophagy.
    • Analysis of mechanisms by which HCV subverts or utilizes autophagy.
    • Examination of the consequences for viral replication and immunity.

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    Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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    Main Results:

    • HCV actively engages and manipulates the autophagic pathway.
    • Autophagy activation by HCV supports viral replication.
    • The interplay affects the host's innate immune defense against HCV.

    Conclusions:

    • The relationship between HCV and autophagy is crucial for viral pathogenesis.
    • Targeting this interaction may offer therapeutic strategies.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand this complex interplay.