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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Atomistic spin dynamics and surface magnons.

Corina Etz1, Lars Bergqvist, Anders Bergman

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atomistic spin dynamics simulations accurately model magnetic materials, including spin-wave excitations in low-dimensional magnets. This versatile tool shows good agreement with experimental values for various magnetic phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Atomistic spin dynamics (ASD) simulations are crucial for understanding dynamic properties of magnetic materials.
  • Existing tools for studying magnons are summarized, highlighting the need for advanced simulation methods.
  • Applications span magnetic switching, topological magnet dynamics (skyrmions, vortices), and domain wall motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and focus on spin-wave excitations in low-dimensional magnets using atomistic spin dynamics.
  • To investigate the influence of relativistic and temperature effects on these excitations.
  • To assess the accuracy of ASD simulations by comparing results with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Atomistic spin dynamics (ASD) simulations are employed to model magnetic phenomena.
  • For material-specific studies, ASD is integrated with electronic structure calculations using density functional theory (DFT).
  • Key parameters like magnetic exchange interactions, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vectors are calculated via DFT.

Main Results:

  • Calculations of spin-wave excitations in low-dimensional magnets were performed.
  • The effects of relativistic and temperature factors on spin dynamics were analyzed.
  • A strong agreement was observed between simulation results and experimental values.

Conclusions:

  • Atomistic spin dynamics is a powerful and versatile tool for simulating dynamic magnetic properties.
  • The combination of ASD with DFT enables accurate material-specific parameter calculations.
  • The simulation method demonstrates high fidelity in predicting experimental outcomes for magnetic systems.