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Updated: Apr 11, 2026
Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
Temperature rises in the round window caused by various light sources during insertion of rigid endoscopes: an
R Dundar1, H Bulut2, A Yükkaldiran1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey.
Objectives:
The instruments used in endoscopic surgery include rigid endoscopes of different diameters and angles, sources of light and monitors. In this study, we explored temperature rises in the round window caused by insertion of rigid endoscopes of different diameters into the middle ear; the endoscopes were fitted with different light sources.
Design:
An experimental animal study.
Setting:
We subjected seven guinea pigs to simulate otological surgery at room temperature. We monitored body temperatures, along with temperature rises caused by the use of 0° rigid endoscopes of diameters 3 or 4 mm, fitted with light sources including a halogen light, a light-emitting diode (LED) and a xenon light. Data were collected every second from a sensor placed in the round window.
Participants:
An experimental study on 7 guinea pigs.
Main Outcome Measures:
Rise of the temperature on round window.
Results:
Rigid endoscopes caused the temperature of the tympanum to rise when xenon and halogen light sources were used, regardless of endoscope diameter. However, the temperature rise was less when a LED light source was employed.
Conclusion:
The endoscopic instruments used in middle ear surgery caused the temperature of the round window to rise. The rise varied with endoscope diameter and the type of light source used.
