Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects of 30 days bed rest and exercise countermeasures on PBMC bioenergetics.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2024

Same author

Effects of non-supervised exercise interventions on bone mineral density in adult women: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2022

Same author

Social media and e-learning use among European exercise science students.

Health promotion international·2019

Same author

Fibula: The Forgotten Bone-May It Provide Some Insight On a Wider Scope for Bone Mechanostat Control?

Current osteoporosis reports·2018

Same author

T2-relaxation time increases in lumbar intervertebral discs after 21d head-down tilt bed-rest.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2017

Same author

Changes in muscle cross-sectional area, muscle force, and jump performance during 6 weeks of progressive whole-body vibration combined with progressive, high intensity resistance training.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2017

Same journal

Commentary to: Relationship Between Plantar Pressure, Body Mass Index and Balance in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

Same journal

Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head Following Posterior Hip Dislocation in an Adolescent.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

Same journal

Astragalus Polysaccharides Attenuate LPS-Induced Degenerative Responses in Primary Rat Chondrocytes linked to the NLRP3/CASPASE-1 Axis.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

Same journal

Quantitative Analysis of Spontaneous Tongue Muscle Reinnervation after Long Nerve Resection for Hypoglossal Nerve Injury in Rats.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

Same journal

Expression of miR-27a in Patients with Steroid-associated Femoral Head Osteonecrosis and Its Regulatory Mechanism on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

Same journal

Effect of Sensory- Motor Integration Training on Activities of Daily Living in Children with Erb's Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Form follows function: a computational simulation exercise on bone shape forming and conservation.

U Mittag¹, A Kriechbaumer¹, M Bartsch²

¹German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany.

Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions

|June 3, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mechano-adaptation, driven by axial torsion, explains long bone shaft shapes. Computer simulations show this mechanical loading is key for developing tube-like bone structures from various initial forms.

More Related Videos

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Published on: April 8, 2015

Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

Published on: November 29, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Published on: April 8, 2015

Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Computational Biology
Orthopedic Research

Background:

The development of long bone shaft morphology is traditionally attributed to mechanical adaptation.
Understanding the precise relationship between loading patterns and bone structure is crucial for regenerative medicine and biomechanical engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the characteristic shape of long bone shafts can be solely explained by mechanical adaptation.
To explore the influence of specific loading conditions on bone structure and shape using computational modeling.

Main Methods:

A computer simulation study employing a mechanistic model for mechano-transduction and bone transformation.
Simulations applied load patterns mimicking those on the diaphysis (shaft) of long bones.

Main Results:

Axial torsion around the long axis is a critical factor in the formation and maintenance of tube-like bone structures.
These tube-like structures can emerge from diverse initial geometries when axial torsion is present.
The chosen set-point parameter for load-adapted bone transformation significantly impacts the final bone structure.

Conclusions:

The mechanical environment, particularly axial torsion, possesses the potential to generate shaft-like bone structures.
Specific boundary conditions are demonstrated to be essential for this mechano-adaptive process in bone formation.