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Contingent attentional capture triggers the congruency sequence effect.

James R Schmidt1, Daniel H Weissman2

  • 1Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.

Acta Psychologica
|June 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The congruency sequence effect (CSE) is influenced by attentional capture, not just perceptual conflict. This finding reveals how distractors capture attention, impacting cognitive task performance.

Keywords:
AttentionAttentional captureConflict adaptationCongruency sequence effectGratton effectPerceptual conflictPrime-probe

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • The congruency sequence effect (CSE) demonstrates that performance on a trial is influenced by the congruency of the preceding trial.
  • Previous research suggests the CSE may arise from attentional adaptation due to perceptual conflict or from contingent attentional capture by distractors with target-like features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the congruency sequence effect (CSE).
  • To differentiate between attentional adaptation from perceptual conflict and contingent attentional capture as triggers for the CSE.
  • To examine the role of perceptual feature overlap between distractors and targets in modulating the CSE.

Main Methods:

  • A prime-probe task was employed, varying the perceptual format (word or arrow) of distractors and targets.
  • Experiment 1 used a blocked design where target format was constant within blocks.
  • Experiment 2 used a randomized design where target format varied randomly across trials.

Main Results:

  • In Experiment 1, a CSE was observed only when distractors and targets shared the same perceptual format, consistent with both hypotheses.
  • In Experiment 2, equivalent CSEs were found regardless of whether distractors and targets shared the same perceptual format.
  • These results support the contingent attentional capture account over the perceptual conflict account.

Conclusions:

  • Contingent attentional capture, driven by distractors possessing target-defining features, plays a significant role in triggering the congruency sequence effect.
  • The findings challenge the notion that attentional adaptation solely from perceptual conflict drives the CSE.
  • This research provides novel insights into the dynamic interplay between attention, perception, and cognitive control.