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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
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A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

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Musculoskeletal Pathology.

Frances J Peat1, Christopher E Kawcak1

  • 1Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|June 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers equine musculoskeletal diseases, including developmental, exercise-induced, and infectious pathologies. It highlights cumulative microdamage from repetitive loading and laminitis as a complex syndrome.

Keywords:
InfectiousLaminitisMuscleMusculoskeletalOrthopedicOsteoarthritisOsteochondrosisTendon

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Area of Science:

  • Equine pathology
  • Musculoskeletal diseases in horses

Background:

  • Common diseases of the equine musculoskeletal system present complex pathological challenges.
  • Understanding these conditions is crucial for equine health and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of equine musculoskeletal pathology.
  • To organize conditions into developmental, exercise-induced, infectious, and miscellaneous categories.
  • To incorporate new classifications and emphasize key areas like microdamage and laminitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge.
  • Categorization of equine musculoskeletal conditions.
  • Focus on specific pathological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Developmental pathology includes a new classification for juvenile osteochondral conditions.
  • Exercise-induced pathology emphasizes cumulative microdamage from cyclic loading.
  • Miscellaneous pathology highlights laminitis as a syndrome with diverse underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • A structured overview of equine musculoskeletal pathology is presented.
  • Current research points to cumulative microdamage and varied laminitis mechanisms.
  • This review provides a framework for understanding and addressing these conditions.