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Emerging sporotrichosis is driven by clonal and recombinant Sporothrix species

Anderson Messias Rodrigues1, GSybren de Hoog2, Yu Zhang2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Cell Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil ; Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre , Utrecht 3508 AD, The Netherlands.

Emerging Microbes & Infections
|June 4, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Sporotrichosis, a fungal infection, is increasingly epidemic due to cats. Different Sporothrix species, like S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, show distinct transmission strategies impacting public health.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sporotrichosis, caused by Sporothrix fungi, is a global disease with changing epidemiology.
  • It has transitioned from an endemic infection to an epidemic zoonotic health concern in the past decade.
  • Feline transmission has become a significant factor in human sporotrichosis outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feline host's influence on the epidemiology, distribution, prevalence, and genetic diversity of human sporotrichosis.
  • To understand the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of Sporothrix species.
  • To inform distinct public health strategies for disease control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial markers to evaluate genetic diversity.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to infer habitat shifts and evolutionary history.
  • Comparison of genetic structures (clonal vs. recombination) between different Sporothrix species.

Main Results:

  • Significant genetic divergence between Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii populations was observed.
  • Phylogenetic data suggest a recent habitat shift of S. brasiliensis from plants to cats in southeastern Brazil, driving its emergence.
  • S. brasiliensis exhibited a clonal structure during the cat-to-human epidemic's early phase, while S. schenckii showed recombination and less increased human infection frequency.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between host, pathogen, and environment structures Sporothrix diversity, frequency, and distribution.
  • Different Sporothrix species employ distinct epidemic strategies, necessitating tailored public health interventions.
  • Understanding species-specific transmission is crucial for effective sporotrichosis control.
Keywords:
Sporothrixemerging infectious diseasesepidemiologyfungioutbreaksporotrichosiszoonosis

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