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Educational differentiation of the pharmacy work force
1School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211.
The pharmacy workforce remains largely undifferentiated, with over 90% lacking advanced training beyond a B.S. degree. Emphasizing Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) education is crucial for professional advancement and specialized training.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy workforce analysis
- Professional education trends
- Healthcare workforce differentiation
Background:
- The educational landscape of the pharmacy workforce has evolved, necessitating a structured model for analysis.
- Understanding the distribution of pharmacists based on educational attainment is key to assessing workforce capabilities.
- Previous analyses lacked a clear differentiation model based on professional education levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and apply a model differentiating the pharmacy workforce by educational attainment.
- To analyze trends in pharmacy workforce education between 1978 and 1987.
- To compare pharmacy workforce differentiation with physician and nursing workforces.
Main Methods:
- A three-tiered educational model was used: B.S. degree, Pharm.D. degree, and post-graduate training (residency/fellowship).
- Data from national health statistics, pharmacy associations, and educational institutions were compiled for 1978 and 1987.
- Quantitative analysis was performed to determine the number of pharmacists at each educational tier.
Main Results:
- In both 1978 and 1987, over 90% of pharmacists held no formal training beyond a B.S. degree.
- The proportion of pharmacists with a Pharm.D. degree increased from approximately 3.3% to 6.3%.
- Significant state and regional variations in pharmacist numbers and educational levels were observed.
Conclusions:
- The pharmacy workforce is characterized by a low level of educational differentiation compared to physicians and nurses.
- Increased emphasis on Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) education is recommended to enhance professional standing.
- Promoting Pharm.D. education is projected to boost demand for postgraduate training and elevate the profession's image.
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