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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
Published on: August 11, 2014
Proanthocyanidins in an astringent persimmon inhibit Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) secretion
Ai Morita1, Akihiro Tai1, Hideyuki Ito2
1Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan.
Background:
Astringent compounds contained in persimmon fruits have been widely used in Japan as food preservatives and thus as anti-bacterial and anti-fungi reagents. However, the molecular mechanism of the anti-microbial activity has been unclear. One of the virulence secretion systems in Salmonella enterica was used to test the anti-microbial activity of extracts from a persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb 'Saijo').
Results:
We found that the extract could inhibit the secretion of virulence proteins but did not affect cell growth and determined the critical concentrations of the extract to show the effect. Then, the effective fraction on the suppression of secretion of virulence proteins was purified from the crude extracts using solvent partition, absorption chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The anti-bacterial fraction was analysed by HCl-butanol treatment and gel permeation chromatography followed by nuclear magnetic resonance and identified as the octamers of epigallocatechin and its gallate as major components.
Conclusion:
Proanthocyanidins suppress the secretion of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 virulence proteins.
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