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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Subtalar dislocations.

Stefan Rammelt¹, Jens Goronzy¹

¹Foot & Ankle Section, University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, TU Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.

Foot and Ankle Clinics

|June 5, 2015

Summary

Early reduction of subtalar dislocations is crucial for a good prognosis. Associated fractures and open dislocations negatively impact outcomes, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:

Avascular necrosis Dislocation Open dislocation Subtalar joint Talar process fracture

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Traumatology
Sports Medicine

Background:

Subtalar dislocations are rare, accounting for 1-2% of all dislocations.
Medial subtalar dislocations represent approximately 75% of these injuries.
These injuries often occur in conjunction with other fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current understanding and management of subtalar dislocations.
To highlight key treatment strategies and potential complications.
To identify prognostic factors influencing patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on subtalar dislocations.
Analysis of treatment modalities including early reduction and open reduction.
Discussion of diagnostic imaging, particularly postreduction CT scans.
Compilation of common complications and negative prognostic indicators.

Main Results:

Early reduction under sedation is the primary treatment.
Open reduction is required for cases with soft tissue interposition or locked dislocations.
Over 60% of subtalar dislocations are associated with fractures, mandating postreduction CT.
Potential complications include avascular necrosis, infection, arthritis, and chronic instability.

Conclusions:

Prompt reduction of subtalar dislocations leads to excellent outcomes for purely ligamentous injuries.
Lateral dislocations, open dislocations, total talar dislocations, and associated fractures are associated with poorer prognoses.
Comprehensive management and awareness of complications are essential for optimizing patient recovery.