Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumour, named after its histological resemblance to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The pathogenesis of lymphoepithelial carcinoma remains unknown. This tumour has been described in several organs, but the larynx remains an exceptional site.

The authors report the case of a 73-year-old man who consulted for longstanding dysphonia and rapidly deteriorating dyspnoea requiring emergency tracheotomy. Endoscopic examination demonstrated a tumour of the left hemilarynx with fixed vocal cords. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry demonstrated lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx. Screening for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization was positive. Treatment consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection and then external beam radiotherapy achieved cure with a follow-up of 18months since completion of treatment.

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx is rare. Immunohistochemical examination is essential for the positive diagnosis. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelial carcinoma has been exceptionally reported. The radiosensitivity of this tumour allows conservative first-line treatment.