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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Breathing01:05

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Lungs, microbes and the developing neonate.

Barbara B Warner1, Aaron Hamvas

  • 1Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

The human respiratory tract, once thought sterile, harbors a microbiome influencing infant respiratory health. Emerging research suggests microbial connections to respiratory disease, though much remains unknown.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Neonatal Health

Background:

  • The human body hosts a vast microbiome, crucial for health.
  • The respiratory tract, including the lungs, was traditionally considered sterile.
  • Recent advancements allow study of the respiratory microbiome in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on the respiratory microbiome's role in neonatal respiratory disease.
  • To explore the interplay between gut and respiratory microbiota and immune development.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in understanding the respiratory microbiome's function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent human and murine studies.
  • Application of high-throughput sequencing for culture-independent microbiota identification.
  • Analysis of data from healthy and diseased states.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence suggests a microbial influence on respiratory disease development in newborns.
  • A complex interplay exists between gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiota and immune regulation.
  • The specific contribution of the respiratory microbiome to neonatal respiratory disease is still largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The respiratory microbiome plays a role in neonatal respiratory health and disease.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the functional significance of the respiratory microbiome.
  • Understanding the respiratory microbiome is critical for addressing neonatal respiratory conditions.