Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics01:31

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

1.8K
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists, such as synthetic choline esters and naturally occurring alkaloids, exert their effects by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. Synthetic choline esters share structural similarities with acetylcholine. For example, they have a positively charged quaternary ammonium or onium group, contributing to their hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, they are poorly absorbed in the body through oral...
1.8K
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

3.8K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
3.8K
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:22

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

2.0K
Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
2.0K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.5K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.5K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

2.1K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
2.1K
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

898
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
Reversible inhibitors display short to medium durations of action. Short-acting agents include simple alcohols with...
898

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emerging Issues on Tropane Alkaloid Contamination of Food in Europe.

Toxins·2023
Same author

Progress towards the characterisation of faecal compounds.

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications·2020
Same author

Migration of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Oligomers from PET Plastics into Foods during Microwave and Conventional Cooking and into Bottled Beverages.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Formation of monochloropropane-1,2-diol and its esters in biscuits during baking.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2014
Same author

Survey of furan in foods and coffees from five European Union countries.

Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance·2014
Same author

Furan in canned sardines and other fish.

Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.2K

Analysis of Ergot Alkaloids.

Colin Crews1

  • 1Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, North Yorks YO41 1LZ, UK. colin.crews@fera.co.uk.

Toxins
|June 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This review details methods for measuring ergot alkaloids in food, feed, plants, and tissues. It highlights liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) as primary analytical techniques.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Safety
  • Pharmacognosy

Background:

  • Ergot alkaloids are toxic compounds produced by fungi.
  • Their presence in food and feed poses risks to human and animal health.
  • Accurate quantification is crucial for risk assessment and regulatory compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and novel methods for ergot alkaloid determination.
  • To describe key analytical procedures including sampling, extraction, clean-up, detection, quantification, and validation.
  • To provide an overview of current analytical capabilities and emerging techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on ergot alkaloid analysis.
  • Description of chromatographic techniques: Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (LC-FLD).
Keywords:
LSDergotergotamineergovalinelysergic acidmycotoxins

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques
09:36

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Published on: March 8, 2024

1.4K
Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine
07:32

Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine

Published on: October 7, 2014

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.2K
Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques
09:36

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Published on: March 8, 2024

1.4K
Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine
07:32

Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine

Published on: October 7, 2014

10.0K
  • Discussion of sample preparation (sampling, extraction, clean-up) and method validation.

    • Main Results:

    • LC-MS/MS and LC-FLD are the predominant methods for quantitative and semi-quantitative ergot alkaloid analysis.
    • Detailed descriptions of various analytical steps are provided.
    • Immunoassay-based methods are emerging, with other specialized techniques available.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive understanding of analytical methods is essential for accurate ergot alkaloid monitoring.
    • LC-MS/MS and LC-FLD offer robust solutions for ergot alkaloid determination.
    • Ongoing development in immunoassay and other techniques promises improved analytical capabilities.