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Related Concept Videos

Design Example01:23

Design Example

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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
644

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Automated Tests for Telephone Telepathy Using Mobile Phones.

Rupert Sheldrake, Pamela Smart, Leonidas Avraamides

    Explore (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 7, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study used mobile phones for automated telepathy experiments, finding significantly higher correct guess rates than chance. These results suggest telepathy may occur during telephone calls.

    Area of Science:

    • Parapsychology
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Telecommunication

    Background:

    • Investigating anomalous phenomena like telepathy requires rigorous experimental design.
    • Previous research has faced challenges in controlling variables and preventing fraud.
    • Mobile phone technology offers a novel platform for conducting such research remotely and efficiently.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and implement automated telepathy experiments using mobile phones.
    • To assess the accuracy of telepathic guesses during telephone calls.
    • To analyze the influence of factors like the number of potential callers and time delays on guess accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Recruited subjects aged 10-83 who registered online with sender details.
    • Utilized a computer system to randomly select a sender, initiate a call, and record the subject's guess before connecting.
    Keywords:
    ESPautomated teststelepathytelephones

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  • Conducted tests with either three or two potential callers, with each test comprising six trials.

    • Main Results:

    • With three callers, 2080 trials yielded 869 correct guesses (41.8%), significantly above the 33.3% chance expectation (P < 1 × 10(-15)).
    • With two callers, 745 trials resulted in 411 correct guesses (55.2%), exceeding the 50% chance expectation (P = .003).
    • Analyses indicated that optional stopping and cheating were unlikely to explain the observed results.

    Conclusions:

    • Automated telepathy experiments can be successfully conducted using mobile phone technology.
    • The study provides statistically significant evidence supporting the existence of telepathy in the context of telephone calls.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors of this phenomenon.