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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
670
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

607
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

692
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

759
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading01:15

Deformation of a Beam under Transverse Loading

916
Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
The insights from the bending moment diagram extend to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Study of protein structural deformations under external mechanical perturbations by a coarse-grained simulation

Jiawen Chen1, Zhong-Ru Xie1, Yinghao Wu2

  • 1Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|June 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a computational model to simulate protein mechanics under force. The model accurately predicts protein unfolding and binding dynamics, revealing the crucial role of mechanical properties in cellular functions and cell adhesion.

Keywords:
Cell adhesionCoarse-grained simulationMechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Cellular Mechanics

Background:

  • Biomolecule mechanical properties are crucial for cellular functions, mediating signal transduction via mechanotransduction.
  • Proteins adopt conformations based on free energy, but external forces can alter their states for functional relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a coarse-grained computational model for simulating protein unfolding and deformation under mechanical forces.
  • To investigate the mechanical properties of protein complexes, including T cell receptor (TCR)/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and cadherin clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a coarse-grained computational model to simulate protein mechanical responses.
  • Applied the model to protein unfolding, TCR/MHC binding, and cadherin cluster mechanics.
  • Validated model results against experimental and all-atom computational data.

Main Results:

  • The model quantitatively reproduced known protein unfolding behaviors.
  • Simulations revealed that stretching MHC lowers TCR/MHC binding energy, supporting the catch-bond mechanism.
  • Analysis of cadherin clusters demonstrated the functional importance of mechanical properties in cell adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computational model is a valuable tool for studying protein mechanics.
  • Protein mechanical properties significantly influence cellular signaling and cell-cell interactions.
  • Understanding these properties is fundamental to comprehending cellular mechanics and developing new therapeutic strategies.