Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 11, 2026
05:46
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
Published on: April 9, 2014
18.6K
Implementation challenges for long-acting antivirals as treatment
1Department of Medicine, HIV/AIDS Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|June 8, 2015
Summary
Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) offers a promising alternative to daily pills for HIV treatment. However, successful implementation requires addressing significant systemic and individual challenges, including research gaps and logistical hurdles.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
- Public Health
Background:
- Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) aims to bridge the gap between HIV treatment efficacy and effectiveness by removing the need for daily oral medications.
- Despite promising advancements, long-acting ART is in the early stages of development, with ongoing research into its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential of long-acting ART formulations in HIV treatment.
- To identify anticipated systems-level and individual challenges to the implementation of long-acting ART.
Main Methods:
- Review of current studies on long-acting ART formulations.
- Extrapolation of implementation barriers from long-acting contraception literature.
- Exploration of key factors for successful rollout of long-acting ART.
Main Results:
- Long-acting ART formulations are under active investigation, but knowledge gaps persist regarding pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and effectiveness in diverse populations and high-burden settings.
- Implementation barriers include regulatory approvals, patient prioritization, clinic infrastructure, supply chain management, care decentralization, training needs, and laboratory monitoring.
- Patient preferences and rigorous implementation science research are crucial for effective scale-up.
Conclusions:
- Long-acting ART presents a significant opportunity to transform HIV treatment paradigms.
- Addressing current knowledge gaps and anticipated implementation barriers is essential to realize the full potential of long-acting ART in combating the HIV pandemic.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
50.7K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.7K
01:26Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems
254
Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
254
01:19Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview
192
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
192
01:26Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
388
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
388
01:30Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis
34
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
34
01:20Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors
146
Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
146