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Mass reconstruction methods for PM2.5: a review.

Judith C Chow1, Douglas H Lowenthal2, L-W Antony Chen3

  • 1Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512 USA ; The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075 China ; Graduate Faculty, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89503 USA.

Air Quality, Atmosphere, & Health
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reconstructing suspended particulate matter (PM) mass requires estimating oxygen and hydrogen. The organic carbon (OC) to organic matter (OM) multiplier (f) and accounting for OC sampling artifacts are key to improving mass closure.

Keywords:
Chemical speciationMass closureOrganic matterPM2.5Sampling artifact

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Suspended particulate matter (PM) composition includes inorganic ions, organic matter (OM), elemental carbon (EC), minerals, salt, and water.
  • Oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) are not directly measured, necessitating weighting equations for mass approximation.
  • Existing weighting equations have variable assumptions, impacting accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate discrepancies in measured versus reconstructed PM mass.
  • To identify key factors influencing PM mass closure.
  • To evaluate the impact of the organic carbon (OC) to organic matter (OM) multiplier (f) and sampling artifacts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing weighting equations for approximating gravimetric mass.
  • Analysis of the organic carbon (OC) to organic matter (OM) conversion multiplier (f).
  • Examination of measurement artifacts including organic vapor adsorption, volatile component evaporation, and retained water.

Main Results:

  • The organic carbon (OC) to organic matter (OM) multiplier (f) ranges from 1.4 to 1.8 but can be higher for specific aerosol types.
  • Measurement artifacts, such as organic vapor adsorption and volatile component loss, contribute to mass discrepancies.
  • Discrepancies arise from filter types, measurement timing, and retained water during weighing.

Conclusions:

  • Improving agreement between measured and reconstructed PM mass relies on accurate OC to OM conversion.
  • Accounting for OC sampling artifacts is crucial for precise PM mass determination.
  • The widely used IMPROVE equations and their variants require careful application and validation across diverse environments.