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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Magnetic-particle-sensing based diagnostic protocols and applications.

Tsukasa Takamura1, Pil Ju Ko2, Jaiyam Sharma3

  • 1Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan. takamura@eiiris.tut.ac.jp.

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Summary

This review explores advanced methods for detecting nano-sized magnetic particles. Techniques include magnetic sensors, optical microscopy, and scattering, with applications in medical diagnostics and particle removal.

Keywords:
magnetic particlesmagnetic sensormedical diagnosisporous siliconself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Magnetic particle detection is crucial due to their unique properties like magnetic field manipulation and high surface area.
  • Recent advancements focus on sensitive and efficient detection of nano-sized magnetic particles for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent investigations into the detection of nano-sized magnetic particles.
  • To highlight diverse detection methodologies, including sensor-based and optical techniques.
  • To connect these detection methods to practical applications like medical diagnostics and magnetic washing.

Main Methods:

  • Detection using Hall magnetic sensors with lock-in amplifiers and alternating magnetic fields.
  • Optical microscopy for detecting sub-200 nm magnetic particles using larger "columnar particles".
  • Optical techniques involving scattering from magnetically-assembled bead chains and reflection from magnetic particles and porous silicon.

Main Results:

  • Summarized detection capabilities of Hall magnetic sensors for nano-sized magnetic particles.
  • Demonstrated optical microscopy approach for detecting sub-200 nm magnetic particles.
  • Presented optical methods utilizing magnetic field-induced assembly and light scattering/reflection.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple advanced techniques exist for nano-sized magnetic particle detection.
  • These methods have potential for integration into industrial products like smartphone diagnostics and magnetic separation systems.
  • Further research can bridge the gap between laboratory detection methods and real-world applications.