Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

558
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
558
Storage01:23

Storage

495
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
495
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

576
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
576
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

7.2K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
7.2K
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

759
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
759
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

581
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
581

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perceiving semantic attributes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

Deep distortions in faces and places.

Memory & cognition·2025
Same author

Developmental change and invariance in verbatim and gist memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal applications of the dual-retrieval model.

Psychology and aging·2025
Same author

Memory framing.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

How gist and association affect false memory: False recognition and gist rating norms.

Behavior research methods·2025
Same author

Developmental invariance in deep distortions.

Psychology and aging·2025
Same journal

Executive function and social behavior: Causal evidence from loading working memory and inhibitory control.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Your research is public engagement: A case for more intentional science communication in research with human subjects" by Vaughn (2026).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial" by Jacques-Hamilton et al. (2019).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Conveying (discrete) emotionality with novel words.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.2K

Dual recollection in episodic memory.

C J Brainerd1, C F A Gomes1, K Nakamura1

  • 1Human Neuroscience Institute.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|June 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The dual-recollection hypothesis proposes two forms of memory recollection: context recollection and target recollection. Experiments confirm these distinct processes and their independence from familiarity.

More Related Videos

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

14.2K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.2K
Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

14.2K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Recollection is traditionally viewed as a single process of conscious contextual detail reinstatement.
  • This view influences various fields including cognitive development, neuroscience, dementia studies, and forensic interviewing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the dual-recollection hypothesis, proposing two distinct forms of recollection: context and target recollection.
  • To introduce and validate a source-monitoring paradigm and model to differentiate these recollections from familiarity.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing existing evidence supporting the dual-recollection hypothesis.
  • Employing a source-monitoring paradigm with a computational model to isolate target recollection, context recollection, and familiarity.
  • Conducting experiments with theoretically motivated manipulations to assess retrieval processes.

Main Results:

  • Experimental manipulations yielded single and double dissociations between target recollection, context recollection, and familiarity.
  • State-trace analyses demonstrated the joint independence of these three retrieval processes.
  • Model fit analyses confirmed the necessity of both target and context recollection components for accurate data representation.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports the dual-recollection hypothesis, indicating two independent forms of conscious recollection.
  • The developed source-monitoring paradigm and model effectively distinguish between target recollection, context recollection, and familiarity.
  • These findings refine our understanding of memory retrieval mechanisms.