Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

15.8K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
15.8K
The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

16.1K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
16.1K
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

481
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
481
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

3.5K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
3.5K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

70.9K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
70.9K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

1.1K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features in Intramedullary Tumors: A Pictorial Review.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Updated French OFSEP recommendations for multiple sclerosis MRI: alignment with the 2024 McDonald criteria.

Journal of neuroradiology = Journal de neuroradiologie·2026
Same author

Rethinking the role of surgery and radiotherapy in BRAF-mutant papillary craniopharyngioma: a position statement from the neurosurgical perspective.

Neurosurgical focus·2026
Same author

French NOMADMUS Cohort Overview: Landscape Evolution of AQP4+NMOSD and MOGAD From 2010 to 2024.

Neurology·2026
Same author

White matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer's disease in the era of anti-amyloid therapies.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Performances of experts and automated methods on new multiple sclerosis lesions detection: insights from the MSSeg2 challenge.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

20.1K

Management of nonfunctioning pituitary incidentaloma.

Françoise Galland1, Marie-Christine Vantyghem2, Laure Cazabat3

  • 1Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, CHU de Rennes Hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pituitary incidentalomas are common findings. Management strategies for micro- and macroincidentalomas depend on size, location, and hormonal activity, guiding surveillance or surgical intervention.

Keywords:
Incidentalome hypophysaire non fonctionnelMacroadenomaMacroadénomeMicroadenomaMicroadénomeNonfunctioning pituitary incidentaloma

More Related Videos

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.2K
Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
09:48

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

4.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

20.1K
Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.2K
Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
09:48

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

4.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Pituitary incidentalomas, adenomas discovered incidentally, have a variable prevalence ranging from 1.4% to 37% based on autopsy and imaging studies.
  • Pituitary microincidentalomas (<1cm) rarely exceed 10mm, while macroincidentalomas (>1cm) show significant size increase in 20-40% of cases over 4-8 years.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial due to potential growth and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management protocols for pituitary incidentalomas.
  • To differentiate between micro- and macroincidentalomas and establish surveillance or surgical guidelines.
  • To define indications for intervention based on tumor characteristics and patient factors.

Main Methods:

  • Radiologic assessment using MRI centered on the pituitary gland.
  • Clinical evaluation for signs of hormonal hypersecretion or hypopituitarism.
  • Hormonal assays (prolactin, IGF-1) and ophthalmologic assessments (visual acuity, visual field) when indicated.

Main Results:

  • Non-functioning (NF) microincidentalomas <5mm require no surveillance; those ≥5mm are monitored with MRI at 6 months and 2 years.
  • NF macroincidentalomas undergo MRI surveillance at 1 year, with hormonal and visual assessments as needed, and every 2 years thereafter.
  • Macroincidentalomas near the optic chiasm require more frequent monitoring, including hormonal and visual assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Management of pituitary incidentalomas is stratified based on size, location relative to the optic chiasm, and hormonal activity.
  • Surgery is reserved for specific cases, including progressive tumors, those causing hypopituitarism, optic chiasm compression, or suspected malignancy.
  • A systematic approach combining imaging, clinical evaluation, and hormonal testing ensures optimal patient outcomes.