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Updated: Apr 11, 2026

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Published on: October 14, 2016
Bone cancer incidence by morphological subtype: a global assessment
Patricia C Valery1, Mathieu Laversanne, Freddie Bray
1Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Level 1/147 Wharf Street, Spring Hill, Darwin, QLD, 4000, Australia, Patricia.Valery@menzies.edu.au.
This study analyzed bone cancer incidence, including osteosarcoma (OS), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and chondrosarcoma (CS), across 43 countries. Findings reveal varying incidence rates and trends, suggesting potential environmental influences and the need for broader monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Bone cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and chondrosarcoma (CS), exhibit complex incidence patterns.
- Understanding the influence of environmental factors on these patterns is crucial for public health.
- Global data on bone cancer subtypes is essential for comprehensive analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence of OS, ES, and CS across diverse geographical regions.
- To explore the relationship between environmental factors and changing bone cancer subtype patterns.
- To analyze global trends in bone cancer incidence.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) database.
- Calculated age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) for 43 countries (2003-2007).
- Examined temporal trends (1988-2007) and fitted age-period-cohort models for the USA and UK.
Main Results:
- OS comprised 20-40% of bone cancers; ES <20%; CS proportions varied.
- Overall bone cancer ASRs were 0.8-1.2/100,000 (men) and 0.5-1.0/100,000 (women).
- Observed distinct age-specific incidence peaks for OS and ES, with heterogeneous patterns for CS; noted declining OS in UK/USA (men), increasing CS in UK/USA (women), and rising ES followed by stabilization in US/UK cohorts.
Conclusions:
- Bone cancer incidence trends are generally stable but show heterogeneity for ES and CS.
- Geographically broader data collection can generate hypotheses on risk factors.
- Enhanced global surveillance is vital to identify high-risk populations and inform cancer control strategies.
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