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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

169
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
169
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

231
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
231
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

8.5K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
8.5K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

183
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
183
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

136
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
136
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

3.4K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

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Platinum hypersensitivity and desensitization.

Shingo Miyamoto1, Rika Okada2, Kazumichi Ando3

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya, Tokyo aaa17580@pop06.odn.ne.jp.

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology
|June 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum agents are common in cancer treatment. Desensitization therapy offers an effective solution, achieving 80-100% success in managing these reactions.

Keywords:
desensitizationhypersensitivityplatinum

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Platinum agents are crucial in cancer chemotherapy.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to platinum agents increase with treatment frequency, affecting over 25% of patients.
  • HSRs complicate treatment continuation with platinum-based drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on platinum agent hypersensitivity.
  • To discuss the global application of desensitization for managing HSRs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hypersensitivity reactions to platinum agents.
  • Analysis of desensitization protocols and outcomes.
  • Global survey of desensitization practices.

Main Results:

  • HSRs to platinum agents are frequent, especially after the seventh cycle.
  • Desensitization is a highly effective strategy, with reported success rates of 80-100%.
  • Desensitization allows continued treatment for many patients experiencing HSRs.

Conclusions:

  • Hypersensitivity reactions pose a significant challenge in platinum agent chemotherapy.
  • Desensitization is a proven and effective method for managing HSRs to platinum agents.
  • Further research and standardization of desensitization protocols are warranted worldwide.