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Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Assessing Bacterial Invasion of Cardiac Cells in Culture and Heart Colonization in Infected Mice Using Listeria monocytogenes

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Published on: May 27, 2015

[Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis].

Yara Backes¹, Paul Gruteke, Judith Branger

¹Flevoziekenhuis, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Almere.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|June 11, 2015

Summary

This case report details the first instance of Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis in the Netherlands. The patient recovered after a six-week course of intravenous antibiotics for this rare bacterial infection.

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Cardiology
Microbiology

Background:

Lactococcus garvieae is a virulent fish pathogen causing aquaculture outbreaks.
Human infections with L. garvieae are rare, with the first documented case in 1991.
This report describes the first case of L. garvieae endocarditis in the Netherlands.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the first case of Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis in the Netherlands.
To highlight the clinical presentation and management of this rare infection.
To discuss potential risk factors and implications for future identification.

Main Methods:

A 68-year-old woman presented with symptoms including fever, bleeding, and weight loss.
Diagnostic procedures included blood cultures, transoesophageal ultrasound, and liver function tests.

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Infective endocarditis was diagnosed based on positive blood cultures for L. garvieae and echocardiographic findings.

Main Results:

Blood cultures confirmed Lactococcus garvieae infection.
Transoesophageal ultrasound revealed a vegetation on the aortic valve.
The patient received a six-week course of intravenous antibiotics and showed a good clinical recovery.

Conclusions:

Consumption of raw fish, immunosuppression, and gastrointestinal abnormalities are potential risk factors.
Advancements in diagnostic techniques may increase the frequency of L. garvieae identification.
This case underscores the importance of considering L. garvieae in patients with relevant risk factors and compatible symptoms.