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The Schwickerath adhesion test: A fracture mechanics analysis
1Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, D 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
Summary
This study analyzes the Schwickerath adhesion test using fracture mechanics. The findings reveal a direct relationship between force-displacement data and strain energy release rate, enabling better assessment of porcelain-zirconia bond quality through interface toughness.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
- Biomaterials
Background:
- The Schwickerath three-point bending adhesion test, basis for ISO 9693:1999, assesses porcelain-metal bonding.
- This test is also applied to evaluate porcelain-zirconia adhesion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform a fracture mechanics analysis of the Schwickerath test.
- To determine crack-length load-displacement and toughness dependence for interface cracks.
Main Methods:
- Utilized linear elastic mechanics to derive expressions for strain energy and compliance.
- Calculated strain energy release rate (G) from the derivative of compliance with respect to crack growth.
Main Results:
- Determined the energy release rate for interface crack extension in Schwickerath specimens.
- Established a simple relationship between the minima of force-displacement response and strain energy release rate (G).
- Validated expressions with experimental results for porcelain bonded to zirconia.
Conclusions:
- Fracture mechanics analysis allows determination of interface toughness alongside nominal shear bond strength.
- Interface toughness characterization offers improved distinction of bonding quality due to lower scatter compared to strength.
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