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Predictors of Self-Medication Behavior: A Systematic Review.
Abdolreza Shaghaghi1, Marzieh Asadi1, Hamid Allahverdipour1
1Health Education & Promotion Department, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Public Health
|June 11, 2015
Summary
Self-medication, the use of over-the-counter (OTC) and non-OTC drugs, has a wide prevalence ranging from 8.5-98.0%. Key predictors include minor illnesses, healthcare costs, and time constraints for physician visits.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) and non-OTC drugs poses significant risks to individuals and society.
- Identifying the predictors of self-medication is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies.
- This study aimed to comprehensively identify self-medication predictors and its prevalence across diverse populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of self-medication globally and within specific populations.
- To identify and analyze the various factors that predict self-medication behavior.
- To highlight the need for further research into the drivers of self-medication, particularly in developing countries.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases including Medline, Scopus, and PubMed.
- Keywords used were "self-medication", "self-prescription", and "self-treatment" with no time restrictions.
- Included studies were assessed for relevance, with disagreements resolved through consensus.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of self-medication varied widely, reported between 8.5% and 98.0% across 70 publications.
- Commonly cited reasons for self-medication included the presence of minor illnesses, high healthcare costs, and insufficient time for physician consultations.
- Other significant factors were prior experience with medications and long waiting times to see healthcare professionals.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence and predictors of self-medication differ significantly across demographic groups and between developed and developing nations.
- Understanding the behavioral chain analysis of self-medication is vital for targeted public health interventions.
- There is a critical need for high-quality research to elucidate self-medication factors in developing countries.
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