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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Robust Microcompartments with Hydrophobically Gated Shells.

Jonathan S Sander1, Mathias Steinacher1, Eve Loiseau1

  • 1†Complex Materials, and ‡Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed robust synthetic microcompartments with responsive shells. These microcompartments can repeatedly swell and contract, enabling controlled solute exchange for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Synthetic microcompartments are crucial for developing artificial cells and microreactors.
  • Controlling solute exchange across compartment boundaries is a key challenge in synthetic biology and materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer robust synthetic microcompartments with tunable permeability.
  • To investigate a novel gating mechanism based on polymer-grafted inorganic colloidosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Grafting polymer layers onto inorganic colloidosomes using atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
  • Inducing hydrophilic-hydrophobic transitions in the polymer shell to control permeability.
  • Testing the swelling and contraction cycles and structural integrity of the microcompartments.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reversible swelling and contraction of microcompartments in response to external stimuli.
  • Established a hydrophilic-hydrophobic transition in the polymer shell, enabling controlled solute diffusion.
  • Confirmed the structural robustness of the microcompartments through multiple swelling-contraction cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a robust synthetic microcompartment platform with a simple, effective gating mechanism.
  • The tunable permeability and structural integrity offer a promising alternative for synthetic microreactors and protocells.
  • This platform facilitates further engineering of complex compartmentalized systems.