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Single-session attention bias modification and error-related brain activity.

Brady D Nelson1, Felicia Jackson2, Nader Amir3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. brady.nelson@stonybrook.edu.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|June 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Attention bias modification (ABM) may reduce neural markers of anxiety risk. A single ABM session decreased the error-related negativity (ERN), a brain signal linked to anxiety, suggesting ABM can alter neural activity.

Keywords:
Attention bias modificationError-related negativityEvent-related potentialsThreat

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Anxiety

Background:

  • Attentional bias towards threat is a key factor in anxiety disorders.
  • Attention bias modification (ABM) interventions show promise in reducing threat bias and anxiety symptoms.
  • The neural underpinnings of ABM's effects, particularly concerning anxiety risk biomarkers, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ABM and the error-related negativity (ERN), a neural marker of anxiety risk.
  • To explore how ABM-induced changes in attention to threat relate to ERN amplitude.
  • To determine if a single ABM session can modify neural activity associated with anxiety and risk.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-nine participants underwent a single session of ABM.
  • The error-related negativity (ERN) was measured using a flanker task.
  • Participants completed ABM either before or after the ERN measurement in a counterbalanced design.

Main Results:

  • The ERN was significantly smaller (less negative) when ABM was administered before ERN measurement compared to after.
  • Greater ability to disengage attention from negative stimuli during ABM was correlated with a smaller ERN.
  • These findings suggest a direct link between the modifiability of negative attention bias and ERN amplitude.

Conclusions:

  • A single session of ABM may reduce neural activity (ERN) associated with anxiety and risk.
  • The malleability of attentional bias to threat is directly related to changes in the ERN.
  • ABM shows potential as an intervention to modulate neural mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders.