Time-Domain Simulation of Along-Track Interferometric SAR for Moving Ocean Surfaces

Area of Science:

• Oceanography
• Remote Sensing
• Electromagnetics

Background:

• Accurate measurement of ocean surface dynamics is crucial for various applications, including maritime safety and climate monitoring.
• Traditional remote sensing methods may face limitations in capturing the fine details of moving ocean surfaces.
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques offer potential for high-resolution ocean surface observation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a time-domain simulation for along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (AT-InSAR).
• To assess the simulation's capability in observing ocean surface velocities using Bragg scattering principles.
• To support enhanced ocean observation strategies through advanced simulation tools.

Main Methods:

• Developed a time-domain simulation model based on Bragg scattering for dynamic ocean surfaces.
• Ensured computational grid elements were smaller than the Bragg resonant wavelength for accurate scattering simulation.
• Conducted simulations for both regular Bragg resonant waves and irregular waves influenced by currents.

Main Results:

• The simulation successfully generated time-series microwave backscattering raw signals reflecting ocean surface movement.
• Observed phase differences in received signals between two antennas correlated with ocean surface velocities.
• Phase shifts induced by currents closely matched theoretical predictions, confirming simulation accuracy.

Conclusions:

• The developed time-domain AT-InSAR simulation is adaptable and effective for observing ocean surface velocities.
• The simulation's fidelity in modeling Bragg scattering and current effects is validated.
• This tool holds significant potential for advancing oceanographic remote sensing and data acquisition.