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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
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Computation of Solar Radiative Fluxes by 1D and 3D Methods Using Cloudy Atmospheres Inferred from A-train Satellite

H W Barker1, S Kato2, T Wehr3

  • 1Cloud Physics and Severe Weather Research Section (ARMP), Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4 Canada.

Surveys in Geophysics
|June 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that 3D radiative transfer models are crucial for accurate solar flux estimates in cloudy atmospheres, especially for EarthCARE. Using satellite data, 3D models showed significant differences from 1D approximations, highlighting the need for advanced modeling.

Keywords:
ClimateCloudCloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite ObservationsCloudSatClouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy SystemEarthCARERadiationSatelliteThe Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric science
  • Radiative transfer modeling
  • Remote sensing

Background:

  • One-dimensional (1D) radiative transfer models are commonly used but may introduce errors in solar flux estimates for cloudy atmospheres.
  • Realistic 3D representations of cloudy atmospheres are needed to accurately assess these errors.
  • The EarthCARE mission requires accurate radiative closure, necessitating an evaluation of different modeling approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the errors in solar flux estimates introduced by 1D radiative transfer models compared to full 3D models.
  • To evaluate the performance of 3D radiative transfer simulations using realistic cloudy atmosphere data.
  • To provide recommendations for the EarthCARE mission regarding the use of 3D transport models for radiative closure.

Main Methods:

  • A scene construction algorithm was applied to CloudSat, CALIPSO, and MODIS satellite data to create 3D cloudy atmospheres.
  • A Monte Carlo photon transfer model was used to compute broadband solar fluxes and radiances in both 3D and 1D (independent column approximation) modes.
  • Results were averaged over 50 km x 50 km domains and compared with CERES measurements.

Main Results:

  • Differences between 3D and 1D transfer models for net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface fluxes rarely exceeded ±30 W m⁻².
  • Atmospheric absorption differences between 3D and 1D models were typically within ±10 W m⁻².
  • Approximately 30% of the differences between 3D model estimates and CERES measurements fell within the EarthCARE target of ±10 W m⁻².

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer models are recommended for the EarthCARE mission to achieve accurate TOA radiative closure.
  • While 1D models provide reasonable estimates for some flux components, 3D models capture more complex radiative effects in cloudy scenes.
  • The study supports the use of 3D transport models for improving the accuracy of radiative flux calculations in climate studies.