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Mitochondrial DNA: A disposable genome?

Inna N Shokolenko1, Mikhail F Alexeyev2

  • 1University of South Alabama, Patt Capps Covey College of Allied Health Professions, Biomedical Sciences Department, 5721 USA Drive N, HAHN 4021, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|June 14, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Mammalian cells can discard mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with few consequences, suggesting a disposable nature for this genome. Research explores the disposability and necessity of mitochondrial DNA in cellular functions.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria, alongside the nucleus, contain genomic DNA in mammalian cells.
  • The mammalian mitochondrial genome consists of compact, circular DNA molecules.
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) biology is less understood compared to nuclear DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in mitochondrial DNA biology.
  • To discuss emerging questions regarding the disposability and indispensability of mtDNA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in mtDNA biology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating mtDNA shedding and its physiological impact.

Main Results:

  • Cells exhibit a 'disposable' mitochondrial genome, shedding mtDNA under certain stimuli.
  • This shedding often occurs with minimal or no apparent physiological consequence.

Conclusions:

  • The disposable nature of mtDNA is a significant characteristic requiring further investigation.
  • Understanding the balance between mtDNA disposability and indispensability is crucial for cellular biology.
Keywords:
Extramitohondrial mtDNAMitochondrial DNAmtDNA copy numbermtDNA degradationmtDNA maintenance

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