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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Retrieval interference in reflexive processing: experimental evidence from Mandarin, and computational modeling.

Lena A Jäger1, Felix Engelmann1, Shravan Vasishth1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on Mandarin reflexive ziji processing found that animate distractors interfere with comprehension, challenging structure-based accounts. An enhanced memory retrieval model explains these findings and prior unexplained patterns.

Keywords:
ACT-RChinese reflexivescomputational modelingcontent-addressable memorycue-based retrievaleye-trackinginterferenceziji

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Investigating the processing of Mandarin reflexive ziji.
  • Distinguishing between structure-based and cue-based accounts of memory retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if structurally inaccessible distractors affect processing times for ziji.
  • To test the influence of animacy and locality on reflexive processing.

Main Methods:

  • Two eye-tracking experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1 manipulated antecedent animacy and distractor interference.
  • Experiment 2 manipulated binding locality and distractor animacy during memory load.

Main Results:

  • Inhibitory interference observed when animacy cues mismatched or when animate distractors were held in memory.
  • Locality effects replicated, consistent with prior research.
  • Findings challenge existing structure-based and standard cue-based models.

Conclusions:

  • Results are incompatible with purely structure-based accounts of reflexive processing.
  • The standard ACT-R model fails to explain the observed data.
  • An extended ACT-R model successfully accounts for current and previous findings on Mandarin reflexive ziji processing.