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Diet-induced changes in brain structure and behavior in old gerbils.

K Goncharova1, G Skibo2, T Kovalenko3

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Dietary supplementation with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OX) and pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) improved brain morphology and cognitive function in aging gerbils. This combination enhanced neuronal progenitor proliferation and differentiation, reversing age-related brain deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Dietary Interventions

Background:

  • Aging leads to physiological changes including brain dysfunction and altered metabolism.
  • Dietary strategies to counteract age-related brain dysfunction are underexplored.
  • 2-oxoglutarate (2-OX) and pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) are involved in regulatory and digestive pathways, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of long-term 2-OX + PLEM dietary treatment on age-related brain changes.
  • To assess the impact on hippocampal morphology and cognitive function in aged Mongolian gerbils.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry to identify neuronal progenitors (nestin/NeuN).
  • ELISA to quantify neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs).
  • Behavioral tests (T-maze, adhesive removal) for cognitive and sensorimotor function.
  • Transmission electron microscopy for hippocampal ultrastructure analysis.

Main Results:

  • 2-OX + PLEM treatment increased nestin/NeuN-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampus.
  • Significant improvements in learning and sensorimotor functions were observed.
  • Alterations in synaptic vesicle distribution and NCAM forms were noted in hippocampal synapses.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary 2-OX + PLEM enhances neuronal progenitor proliferation and differentiation.
  • The treatment ameliorates age-related morphological and functional brain deficits.
  • 2-OX + PLEM supplementation shows potential for improving age-associated cognitive decline.