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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Update in Aphasia Research.

Donna C Tippett1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 6th Floor, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0910, USA, dtippet1@jhmi.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-stroke aphasia significantly impacts individuals and society. Understanding recovery mechanisms and risks is crucial for effective care and counseling, utilizing neuroimaging and behavioral therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

  • Post-stroke aphasia presents significant societal and personal challenges.
  • Understanding recovery mechanisms and risk factors for cognitive and language deficits post-stroke is essential for optimal patient care and family counseling.
  • Neuroimaging advances aid in identifying brain regions responsible for deficits and understanding language neuroanatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of cognitive and language recovery after stroke.
  • To discuss factors influencing the risk of post-stroke language and cognitive deficits.
  • To highlight the role of neuroimaging and therapeutic interventions in aphasia rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on post-stroke aphasia recovery.
  • Integration of neuroimaging findings to understand brain-behavior relationships.
  • Discussion of evidence-based behavioral therapies and emerging neuromodulation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging provides insights into the functional neuroanatomy of language and identifies damaged brain areas.
  • Person-centered behavioral therapy is the primary rehabilitation approach for aphasia.
  • Neuromodulation shows promise as an adjunctive therapy to traditional rehabilitation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of post-stroke aphasia requires a comprehensive understanding of recovery processes.
  • Neuroimaging and tailored behavioral therapies, potentially augmented by neuromodulation, are key to improving outcomes.
  • Continued research, including studies from labs like the SCORE lab, is vital for advancing aphasia care.