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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

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Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Nursing Management01:30

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Nursing Management

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Nursing management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is crucial for providing thorough care and support to patients. Nurses play an integral role in this process through detailed assessment, careful planning, targeted interventions, and ongoing evaluation. Here's an overview of the critical steps in nursing management for COPD.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

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[Dyspnea. From the concept up to diagnostics].

R Ewert1, S Gläser

  • 1Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland, ewert@uni-greifswald.de.

Der Internist
|June 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Dyspnea, or difficult breathing, requires prompt diagnosis for better outcomes. Differentiating acute from chronic causes guides effective treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Cardiology

Context:

  • Dyspnea is a common and complex symptom with significant prognostic implications.
  • Distinguishing between acute and chronic dyspnea is crucial for patient management.
  • Life-threatening conditions like pulmonary embolism and myocardial ischemia must be rapidly ruled out in acute dyspnea.

Purpose:

  • To outline a structured approach for diagnosing the causes of dyspnea.
  • To differentiate between cardiac and pulmonary etiologies of dyspnea.
  • To identify the predominant cause of dyspnea, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities.

Summary:

  • A structured diagnostic work-up, utilizing biomarkers, ECG, echocardiography, and imaging, is essential for dyspnea.
  • Common causes of chronic dyspnea include asthma, COPD, heart failure, and obesity with deconditioning.

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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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  • Exercise testing aids in differentiating cardiac and pulmonary causes and identifying the primary driver of dyspnea.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates timely and accurate diagnosis of dyspnea, improving patient prognosis.
    • Guides efficient differential diagnosis, particularly in complex cases with multiple underlying diseases.
    • Supports clinical decision-making by clarifying the predominant cause of dyspnea for targeted therapy.