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Periodontitis Is Related to Exercise Capacity: Two Cross-sectional Studies.

B Holtfreter1, B Stubbe2, S Gläser3

  • 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Journal of Dental Research
|March 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodontitis, a gum disease, is linked to lower cardiorespiratory fitness, particularly in older adults. Mean pocket probing depth (PPD) consistently reflects this association, suggesting a potential mechanism for cardiometabolic diseases.

Keywords:
CPETcardiopulmonary exercise testingcardiorespiratory fitnesschronic periodontitiscross-sectional studytooth loss

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Periodontology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Periodontitis is increasingly recognized for its systemic implications, potentially influencing cardiometabolic health.
  • Limited evidence exists on the direct association between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between clinically assessed periodontitis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking oral health to cardiovascular function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from two independent population-based cross-sectional studies (SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend-0).
  • Clinical periodontal examination including pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels, alongside tooth count.
  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using symptom-limited bicycle ergometry.
  • Confounder-adjusted multivariable linear regression to assess associations between periodontitis and CPET parameters.

Main Results:

  • Mean PPD, clinical attachment levels, and tooth count were consistently associated with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and exercise duration across both studies.
  • Significant associations were observed with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT) and the VÉ/VCO2 slope.
  • Older individuals with more severe periodontitis showed lower peakVO2.
  • Associations were primarily linked to mean PPD, reflecting current disease severity, particularly in never-smokers.

Conclusions:

  • Mean PPD, a measure of current gum disease severity, is consistently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in the general population.
  • This association may represent a biologically plausible link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.