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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
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Michele Cassetta1, Cassetta Michele, Federica Altieri

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|June 17, 2015
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Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cephalometry and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offer reliable craniofacial measurements. However, CBCT use in orthodontics should be limited due to lower radiation doses from 2D imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Radiology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Conventional lateral cephalometric radiography (2D) has limitations like superimposition and magnification.
  • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a 3D representation of craniofacial structures, potentially improving precision.
  • Evaluating the reliability and differences between 2D and 3D cephalometric measurements is crucial for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of linear and angular measurements using 2D cephalometry and CBCT.
  • To compare the accuracy and identify statistically significant differences between measurements obtained from 2D and 3D methods.
  • To guide the appropriate use of CBCT in orthodontic diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 24 adolescents with both digital lateral radiographs and CBCT scans was analyzed.
  • 16 cephalometric landmarks were identified, and 17 linear and angular measurements were recorded by two independent observers.
  • Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient, and differences between methods were assessed with Student t-test (P ≤ 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant correlations were found for all intraobserver and interobserver measurements between 2D and 3D methods.
  • No statistically significant differences were observed in linear and angular measurements between 2D cephalometry and CBCT-generated cephalograms.
  • Both conventional 2D and 3D cephalometry demonstrated high reliability for craniofacial measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Both 2D cephalometry and CBCT provide reliable linear and angular measurements for craniofacial structures.
  • Measurements derived from CBCT are comparable to those from conventional 2D cephalometry.
  • Given that conventional 2D imaging involves lower radiation doses, its use for orthodontic purposes is recommended over CBCT.