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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Time and interference: Effects on working memory.

Marta Botto1, Paola Palladino1

  • 1Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Italy.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|June 19, 2015
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Summary

This study on working memory (WM) found that both time and interference impact performance. High WM loads particularly showed that irrelevant information remains active, regardless of available processing time.

Keywords:
decayinhibitioninterferencetimeworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) performance is influenced by both time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) and interference.
  • The role of inhibitory control in WM tasks is debated between TBRS and interference perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test TBRS model predictions using a verbal WM task.
  • To investigate the activation of irrelevant information following WM recall.
  • To differentiate the effects of time and interference on WM.

Main Methods:

  • A classical verbal working memory task was employed.
  • Priming effects were measured using a lexical decision task post-WM recall.
  • Varying WM loads (1-4 memoranda) were manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Task performance was affected by both time and interference constraints.
  • Time availability was critical at the highest WM loads (3 and 4 memoranda).
  • No-longer-relevant information remained highly active at high loads, independent of processing time.

Conclusions:

  • Both time and interference are crucial factors in working memory.
  • High cognitive loads exacerbate the persistence of irrelevant information.
  • Findings support a nuanced view of inhibitory control in WM.