Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 9, 2026
06:46
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
3.4K
General population screening for type 1 diabetes: has its time come?
Richard A Insel1, Jessica L Dunne, Anette-G Ziegler
1aJDRF, New York, USA bInstitute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich cForschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|June 19, 2015
Summary
General childhood screening can identify children at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) by detecting islet autoantibodies. This approach enables early intervention and prevention strategies for T1D.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease.
- Early detection of T1D risk is crucial for intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of general childhood population-based screening for T1D risk.
- To assess methods for identifying individuals at high risk for developing symptomatic T1D.
Main Methods:
- Screening for multiple islet autoantibodies and glucose intolerance (dysglycemia).
- Investigating human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk genotypes in neonates.
- Utilizing routine well-child visits for autoantibody detection.
- The Fr1da study in Bavaria (launched 2015) as a pilot.
Main Results:
- The presence of multiple islet autoantibodies and dysglycemia can identify early stages of T1D.
- Population-based autoantibody screening at well-child visits can detect a significant proportion of at-risk children.
- Screening strategies can estimate T1D progression risk.
Conclusions:
- General childhood screening for T1D risk identifies at-risk populations.
- This enables participation in natural history studies to understand pathogenesis.
- Facilitates intervention trials for disease prevention and public health strategies for childhood-onset T1D.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
2.9K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.9K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.7K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.7K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
6.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
6.2K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
15.1K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
15.1K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
4.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.5K
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
1.5K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.5K