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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Global Regulatory Systems01:28

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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[Regulatory Genomics: Integrated Experimental and Computer Approaches].

E V Ignatieva, O A Podkolodnaya, Yu L Orlov

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    Integrated experimental and computational methods reveal key mechanisms in eukaryotic gene transcription regulation. These approaches enhance our understanding of how TATA-binding protein, chromatin marks, and 3D organization control gene expression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genomics
    • Bioinformatics

    Context:

    • Investigating the intricate mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic gene organization.
    • Understanding the role of transcription regulatory regions in controlling gene expression.

    Purpose:

    • To describe integrated experimental and computational approaches for studying transcriptional regulation.
    • To analyze factors influencing TATA-binding protein (TBP) affinity for TATA boxes.
    • To research chromatin mark patterns and their role in gene expression regulation.

    Summary:

    • The review details integrated experimental and computational strategies for investigating eukaryotic gene transcriptional regulation.
    • Key areas include TBP-TATA box interactions, chromatin mark distributions, 3D chromatin organization, and the impact of polymorphisms on gene expression using Chip-seq and DNase-seq.
    • These combined approaches are crucial for understanding transcription regulatory mechanisms and the structural-functional organization of regulatory elements.

    Impact:

    • Highlights the importance of integrated experimental and computational methods in advancing the understanding of gene transcription.
    • Provides insights into the structural and functional organization of eukaryotic gene regulatory regions.
    • Facilitates a deeper comprehension of how gene expression is controlled at the molecular level.