Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

12.6K
The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
12.6K
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

7.7K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
7.7K
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

1.1K
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
1.1K
Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

2.5K
Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
2.5K
Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification01:14

Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification

1.3K
When drugs are administered, they can elicit either an agonist or antagonist effect on the body. Agonism occurs when a drug activates a specific receptor, triggering a biological response. On the other hand, antagonism happens when a drug binds to the same receptors but blocks their activation, thereby preventing a biological response.
To quantify these effects, researchers use a dose-response curve, which provides valuable information about the potency and efficacy of a drug. Potency refers to...
1.3K
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

673
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
673

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correlation of examiner judgement and radiological digital pictures in infants with upper cervical spine dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Pediatric radiology·2026
Same author

[Chiropractic medicine : integrative approach to pain management].

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same author

The role of biopsychosocial factors in classifying pain intensity across various chronic pain conditions.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Descending inhibitory rostral ventromedial medulla neurons cause widespread antinociception and contribute to the pain-inhibits-pain phenomenon.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Force variability of thoracic spine mobilization and manipulation delivered by experienced physiotherapists to healthy human volunteers and a manikin: an observational study.

Chiropractic & manual therapies·2025
Same author

The impact of spinal manipulation on lumbar proprioception and its link to pain relief: a randomized controlled trial.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.3K

Programmed symptoms: disparate effects united by purpose.

Richard H Gracely1, Petra Schweinhardt

  • 1Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Koury Oral Health Sciences, CB #7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. rgracely@unc.edu.

Current Rheumatology Reviews
|June 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) involve widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep issues. This new model views these symptoms as a purposeful "illness response" to threats, not just pathology.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment
05:19

Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment

Published on: July 7, 2023

3.7K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

5.3K
Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment
05:19

Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment

Published on: July 7, 2023

3.7K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) present with overlapping symptoms, poorly understood mechanisms, and limited treatment options.
  • Existing CSS nomenclature highlights central sensitization, a common factor in conditions like fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a broader model encompassing widespread pain, fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new model for central sensitivity syndromes (CSS).
  • To reframe the symptom complex of CSS as an intrinsic, purposeful "illness response" aimed at restoring function.
  • To explain the shared symptomatology, unknown pathology, and treatment resistance across various CSS conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual model development based on existing evidence from multiple biological systems.
  • Integration of findings related to immune system, autonomic nervous system, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
  • Analysis of the proposed "illness response" as a survival-promoting mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Central sensitization is proposed as part of a larger ensemble of symptoms including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyscognition.
  • The symptom ensemble is viewed as a proactive "illness response" designed to combat pathology and restore homeostasis.
  • This response is mediated by integrated contributions from peripheral and central immune systems and stress response pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model offers a unified explanation for the diverse manifestations of CSS.
  • Viewing CSS symptoms as a purposeful response provides insight into their persistence and resistance to conventional treatments.
  • This framework may guide future research into the neuro-immune mechanisms underlying CSS and inform novel therapeutic strategies.