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Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Erratum: An X-ray diffractometer using mirage diffraction. Erratum.

Tomoe Fukamachi¹, Sukswat Jongsukswat¹, Dongying Ju¹

¹Saitama Institute of Technology , Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.

Journal of Applied Crystallography

|June 20, 2015

Summary

This correction addresses errors in a previously published article on crystallography. The updated information ensures greater accuracy for researchers in the field.

Keywords:

X-ray difractometers dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction interference fringes mirage diffraction mirage fringes monochromators

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$Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures$

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Published on: October 7, 2013

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Materials Science

Context:

This section provides context regarding the specific article being corrected.
The original article was published in the Journal of Applied Crystallography.

Purpose:

To correct specific errors identified in the original publication.
To ensure the scientific record is accurate and reliable.

Summary:

The authors have identified and corrected errors in their 2014 article (J. Appl. Cryst., 47, 1267-1272).
This correction pertains to the article with DOI: 10.1107/S1600576714012114.

Impact:

Ensures the integrity of scientific data and findings.
Provides accurate reference material for future research in applied crystallography.