Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.6K
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
1.6K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

823
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
823
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

2.4K
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
2.4K
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

2.8K
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
2.8K
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

1.7K
The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
1.7K
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

1.9K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improved Method for PFAS in Environmental Waters.

Journal of chromatographic science·2026
Same author

A New Effort to Diversify Faculty: Postdoc-to-Tenure Track Conversion Models.

Frontiers in psychology·2021
Same author

Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: A review.

Analytica chimica acta·2020
Same author

Introduction to Research: A Scalable, Online Badge Implemented in Conjunction with a Classroom-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) that Promotes Students Matriculation into Mentored Undergraduate Research.

UI journal·2020
Same author

Supporting Deaf Students in Undergraduate Research Experiences: Perspectives of American Sign Language Interpreters.

Journal of microbiology & biology education·2020
Same author

Indirect pulsed electrochemical detection following high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

Talanta·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

8.8K

Characterization of a Direct Sample Analysis (DSA) Ambient Ionization Source.

Gregory T Winter1, Joshua A Wilhide, William R LaCourse

  • 1University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|June 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing direct sample analysis (DSA) ionization requires controlling source conditions. Smaller nozzles and higher gas flow rates increase water cluster ion intensity and size, impacting spatial resolution.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Volatile and Oxidation Sensitive Compounds Using a Cold Inlet System and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry
05:48

Analysis of Volatile and Oxidation Sensitive Compounds Using a Cold Inlet System and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry

Published on: September 5, 2014

10.1K
A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer SMPS-ICPMS
11:18

A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer SMPS-ICPMS

Published on: July 11, 2017

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

8.8K
Analysis of Volatile and Oxidation Sensitive Compounds Using a Cold Inlet System and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry
05:48

Analysis of Volatile and Oxidation Sensitive Compounds Using a Cold Inlet System and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry

Published on: September 5, 2014

10.1K
A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer SMPS-ICPMS
11:18

A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer SMPS-ICPMS

Published on: July 11, 2017

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Direct Sample Analysis (DSA) ionization is sensitive to source parameters.
  • Understanding water cluster ion formation is crucial for DSA applications.
  • Source conditions influence ion intensity and spatial distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of source conditions on water cluster ion intensity and distribution in DSA.
  • To determine how nozzle diameter and gas flow rate impact cluster formation.
  • To evaluate the influence of source position on sampling resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Direct Sample Analysis (DSA) ionization.
  • Systematic variation of source nozzle diameter and gas flow rate.
  • Schlieren photography for gas flow visualization.

Main Results:

  • Smaller nozzle diameters and higher gas flow rates yielded higher intensity water cluster ions ([H + (H(2)O)(n)](+)) with larger n.
  • Increased gas flow rates led to wider gas flow profiles.
  • Reduced gas flow rates showed less expansion, suggesting potential for improved spatial resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Source nozzle diameter and gas flow rate are critical parameters for controlling water cluster ion formation in DSA.
  • Optimizing gas flow rate can enhance sampling spatial resolution.
  • Further research into flow rate optimization is warranted for improved DSA performance.