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High performance concentration method for viruses in drinking water.

Andreas Kunze1, Lu Pei1, Dennis Elsässer1

  • 1Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.

Journal of Virological Methods
|June 21, 2015
PubMed
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This study presents a novel method for concentrating viruses from large volumes of drinking water, crucial for detecting pathogens like rotaviruses. The developed inline ultrafiltration technique effectively processes up to 97.7 m³ of water.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water quality analysis
  • Virology

Background:

  • World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines restrict highly infectious viruses in large drinking water volumes (up to 90 m³).
  • Current virus quantification methods are limited to small sample volumes.
  • No established concentration procedures exist for processing large drinking water volumes for viral analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate an inline procedure for concentrating viruses from large-volume drinking water.
  • To enable sensitive detection of viruses in drinking water pipelines.
  • To adapt ultrafiltration (UF) and subsequent concentration methods for real-time water monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized inline ultrafiltration (UF) for initial large-volume processing.
Keywords:
Bacteriophage MS2Drinking waterLarge-volume filtrationUltrafiltrationVirus concentrationWater hygiene

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  • Employed consecutive concentration steps using monolithic filtration (MF) and centrifugal ultrafiltration (CeUF).
  • Tested the procedure using the model virus bacteriophage MS2 in tap water volumes ranging from 32.4 m³ to 97.7 m³ over 22–72 hours, comparing dead-end (DE) and cross-flow (CF) modes.

    • Main Results:

    • The dead-end ultrafiltration (DE-UF) mode over 22 hours yielded the best results.
    • Achieved a significant concentration of MS2 from 4.2×10⁴ genomic units/mL (GU/mL) to 3.2×10¹⁰ GU/mL (via qRT-PCR).
    • Virus concentration increased from 71 plaque-forming units/mL (PFU/mL) to 2×10⁸ PFU/mL (via plaque assay).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed inline UF procedure is effective for concentrating viruses from large drinking water volumes.
    • This method facilitates sensitive virus detection in drinking water, addressing WHO safety recommendations.
    • The technique offers a viable solution for real-time monitoring of viral contamination in water distribution systems.