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Intrapair facial differences in twins.

P H Burke1

  • 1Department of Child Dental Health, School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK.

Acta Geneticae Medicae Et Gemellologiae
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Facial similarity in twins was analyzed using contour maps. Identical twins (monozygotic) showed greater facial similarity than fraternal twins (dizygotic), establishing a facial similarity index.

Area of Science:

  • Anthropometry
  • Twin Studies
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Facial morphology plays a role in distinguishing individuals.
  • Twin studies are crucial for understanding the interplay of genetics and environment in physical traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess facial similarity between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.
  • To identify key facial parameters that differentiate MZ from DZ twins.
  • To develop a "facial similarity index" based on these parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of annual serial facial contour maps from 18 like-sexed twin pairs.
  • Zygosity determination using hematological data and physical characteristics (height, fingerprints, tooth size, hair/eye color).
  • Measurement of 13 facial parameters on 274 maps, followed by age correction and smoothing.

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Main Results:

  • A total of 1,150 intrapair differences in facial parameters were measured.
  • Monozygotic twin pairs exhibited significantly smaller mean intrapair differences compared to dizygotic pairs.
  • Specific facial parameters were identified as highly effective in distinguishing between MZ and DZ twins.

Conclusions:

  • Facial morphology is a heritable trait, with MZ twins displaying higher similarity than DZ twins.
  • The developed "facial similarity index" can aid in zygosity diagnosis.
  • Quantitative facial analysis offers a valuable tool in twin research and understanding genetic influences on phenotype.