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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Cholera01:25

Cholera

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Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.
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[Relevant public health enteropathogens].

Maribel Riveros1, Theresa J Ochoa1

  • 1Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú

Revista Peruana De Medicina Experimental Y Salud Publica
|June 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Diarrhea is a major cause of child mortality. Rotavirus is the leading pathogen in Peruvian children, and its vaccination is expected to significantly reduce deaths. Continued surveillance is crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Public health epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children under five globally.
  • Pathogen prevalence varies by age, location, and healthcare setting.
  • Understanding local epidemiology is vital for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of five key diarrheal pathogens in Peru: rotavirus, norovirus, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Shigella, and Salmonella.
  • To highlight the significance of rotavirus as a major cause of pediatric diarrhea mortality.
  • To emphasize the need for surveillance following rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of local epidemiological data.

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  • Analysis of pathogen prevalence and impact on child mortality.
  • Discussion of public health implications and future research needs.

    • Main Results:

    • Rotavirus is the most significant pathogen causing diarrhea and mortality in the pediatric population in Peru.
    • Norovirus, Campylobacter, and diarrheagenic E. coli are prevalent in the community.
    • Rotavirus vaccination is anticipated to substantially decrease diarrhea burden and mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Rotavirus vaccination in Peru holds significant promise for reducing child mortality from diarrhea.
    • Ongoing surveillance is essential to monitor vaccine impact and epidemiological shifts.
    • Antibiotic resistance surveillance for key bacterial pathogens is also recommended.