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Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
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Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

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Published on: February 12, 2019

Hydrate Shell Growth Measured Using NMR.

Agnes Haber¹, Masoumeh Akhfash¹, Charles K Loh¹

¹School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|June 24, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques monitored clathrate hydrate shell growth in water droplets. This revealed that hydrate shells initially grow porous and later become spherical and less porous over time.

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Concentration of Metabolites from Low-density Planktonic Communities for Environmental Metabolomics using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Clathrate hydrates form complex shell structures around dispersed water droplets.
Understanding hydrate shell morphology is crucial for applications in gas storage and separation.

Purpose of the Study:

To monitor clathrate hydrate shell growth kinetics and morphology.
To investigate the evolution of shell structure using non-invasive techniques.

Main Methods:

Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) and relaxation measurements were employed.
PFG NMR determined droplet size distribution (DSD) of unconverted water.
NMR relaxation monitored hydrate shell growth kinetics.

Main Results:

NMR techniques successfully monitored hydrate shell growth within opaque shells.
Initial hydrate growth is heat-transfer-limited, resulting in porous shells.
Later growth is mass-transfer-limited, leading to thicker, spherical, and less porous shells.

Conclusions:

The spherical shell model is valid for hydrate droplet systems after 24 hours of growth.
Hydrate shell morphology transitions from porous to spherical as growth progresses.
NMR is a powerful tool for studying dynamic processes in hydrate systems.