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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 17, 2017
Sodium NMR/MRI for anisotropic systems
Abstract:
Sodium ((23)Na) plays a central role in many physiological processes, and its high NMR sensitivity makes it an attractive nucleus for biomedical NMR and MRI research. Many biological tissues contain structures such as fibers and membranes that impose anisotropic translational and rotational motions on the sodium ions. Translational motion can be studied by diffusion measurements. Anisotropic rotational motion results in non-vanishing quadrupolar interaction that it is best studied by exploiting multiple quantum coherences for (23)Na NMR spectroscopy and MRI. The current review covers the application of the various NMR techniques to the study of (23)Na in anisotropic compartments in cartilage, tendon, intervertebral discs, red blood cells, nervous system and muscles.
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