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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Teasing apart retrieval and encoding interference in the processing of anaphors.

Lena A Jäger1, Lena Benz1, Jens Roeser2

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany.

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|June 25, 2015
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Summary

Encoding interference does not explain memory processes in reflexive-antecedent dependency. This study found no evidence that encoding interference impacts processing, challenging its role in structure-based accounts.

Keywords:
GermanSwedishanaphorseye-trackinginterferencepossessivesreflexivesworking-memory

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Two theories explain reflexive-antecedent dependency processing: structure-based and unconstrained cue-based retrieval.
  • Interference effects from distractors have supported cue-based retrieval, but encoding interference is an alternative explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether encoding interference, rather than retrieval interference, explains observed effects in reflexive processing.
  • To differentiate between encoding interference and cue-based retrieval interference in memory for dependencies.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments using self-paced reading and eye-tracking.
  • Examined German reflexives and Swedish reflexive/pronominal possessives.
  • Tested predictions of encoding interference against cue-based retrieval interference.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of encoding interference affecting reflexive-antecedent dependency formation.
  • Interference effects observed in prior studies are not attributable to encoding interference.
  • Processing ease was not impacted by encoding interference.

Conclusions:

  • Encoding interference is not a plausible explanation for interference effects in reflexive processing.
  • Findings do not support reconciling interference effects with structure-based accounts by invoking encoding interference.
  • The study challenges alternative explanations for interference in reflexive-antecedent dependency.