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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

46
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
46
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

912
The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
912
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

503
The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
503
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

343
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
343
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

32
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
32
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

261
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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Hepatitis C (chronic).

Alan Hoi Lun Yau1, Vladimir Marquez-Azalgara, Eric M Yoshida

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|June 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon-free treatments show efficacy for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in treatment-naïve patients, with or without cirrhosis. This systematic overview evaluated sofosbuvir-based regimens, including combinations with ledipasvir or simeprevir.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 3% of the global population.
  • A significant majority (60-85%) of individuals infected with HCV develop chronic infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy and safety of interferon-free treatments for chronic hepatitis C in treatment-naïve patients.
  • To specifically address outcomes in patients with and without cirrhosis.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic overview of existing literature up to August 2014.
  • Searched major databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Included two systematic reviews and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) after screening 30 records.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated 12 intervention/comparison combinations for interferon-free therapies.
  • Assessed the effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir (with or without ribavirin).
  • Included regimens combining sofosbuvir with ledipasvir or simeprevir.

Conclusions:

  • Categorized the efficacy of various interferon-free treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C.
  • Provided insights into the effectiveness and safety profiles of sofosbuvir-based therapies in patients with and without cirrhosis.