Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.3K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.3K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Treatment of scleromyxedema Arndt-Gottron with a novel intravenous immunoglobulin preparation.

Dermatology reports·2026
Same author

[When itch does not stop : Case report on the diagnostic responsibility of dermatology].

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Knowledge Gaps on Skin Cancer and Sun Protection in Organ Transplant Recipients Under Long-term Immunosuppression.

Acta dermato-venereologica·2026
Same author

Implementing PEN-FAST for penicillin allergy delabeling in a high-prevalence population.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2025
Same author

Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of immunoglobulin M pemphigoid: a multicenter case series.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2025
Same author

Inhibitory Immune Checkpoints beyond Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Abundant Expression of TIGIT Independent of the Presence of Merkel Cell Polyoma Virus.

Acta dermato-venereologica·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.1K

TGF-β1-induced regulatory T cells.

Eva N Hadaschik1, Alexander H Enk1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Human Immunology
|June 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTreg) prevent autoimmunity but are scarce. TGF-β1 can induce regulatory T cells (iTreg) in vitro, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Peripheral tolerance is crucial for preventing autoimmunity by suppressing self-reactive T cells.
  • Naturally occurring thymic-derived regulatory T cells (nTreg) are key mediators of peripheral tolerance.
  • Therapeutic application of nTreg is limited by their scarcity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the generation and function of TGF-β1-induced regulatory T cells (iTreg).
  • To explore the potential of iTreg as a cell therapy for autoimmune diseases.
  • To review current challenges and drawbacks in the therapeutic use of iTreg.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of in vitro induction of iTreg from conventional CD4(+) T cells using TGF-β1.
  • Review of murine and human iTreg generation and function.
Keywords:
AutoimmunityImmunotherapyRegulatory T cellsTGF-β1Tolerance

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

21.3K
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

16.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.1K
In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

21.3K
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

16.4K
  • Analysis of potential therapeutic applications and limitations.

    • Main Results:

    • TGF-β1 is essential for nTreg generation and function.
    • TGF-β1 can induce regulatory T cells (iTreg) in vitro from conventional T cells.
    • iTreg represent a promising avenue for cell-based immunotherapy.

    Conclusions:

    • TGF-β1-induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) offer a scalable alternative to nTreg for treating autoimmune conditions.
    • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in the clinical application of iTreg.
    • iTreg hold significant therapeutic potential for dampening autoimmune responses.